// Serve command: HTTP server for web UI and APIs.
//
// Two main flows: live-feed (cached + background refresh) and tools (on-demand scoring).
// Live-feed rescans all configured RSS feeds on a timer (default 24h), caches results,
// serves filtered articles via web UI and JSON/RSS APIs.
// Tools provides real-time /score (single title) and /scan (ad-hoc feed) endpoints.
// Background refresh continues despite individual feed failures; RWMutex allows
// many concurrent readers with exclusive writer updates.
// Templates are embedded for single-binary deployment.
package cmds

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"embed"
	"encoding/json"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"html/template"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"path/filepath"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery"
	"github.com/mmcdole/gofeed"
	"scholscan/core"
)

//go:embed templates/*.html
var templateFS embed.FS

// ============================================================================
// ┏━╸┏┳┓╺┳┓   ┏━┓┏┓  ┏┓
// ┃  ┃┃┃ ┃┃   ┃ ┃┣┻┓  ┃
// ┗━╸╹ ╹╺┻┛   ┗━┛┗━┛┗━┛
// ============================================================================

type ServeCommand struct {
	Port            int
	RSSWorldPath    string
	RefreshInterval string
	ModelPath       string
	Title           string

	// Parsed interval
	refreshInterval time.Duration
	// Loaded model (cached)
	model   *core.ModelEnvelope
	modelMu sync.RWMutex
	// Cached filtered RSS results and timestamp.
	// RWMutex allows many concurrent readers (HTTP handlers) with exclusive writer (background refresh).
	filteredResults     []*core.Article
	filteredResultsTime time.Time
	resultsMu           sync.RWMutex
	// Loaded templates
	tmpl *template.Template
}

func (c *ServeCommand) Name() string { return "serve" }

// Init configures the serve command with robust input validation.
// Prevents directory traversal, validates paths, and sets sensible defaults.
// Ensures only one configuration is possible to reduce runtime complexity.
func (c *ServeCommand) Init(args []string) error {
	fs := flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
	fs.Usage = func() {
		fmt.Fprint(fs.Output(), `Usage: scholscan serve [options]

		Start HTTP server for filtered RSS and scoring web UI.

		Flags:
		`)
		fs.PrintDefaults()
		fmt.Fprint(fs.Output(), `
		Examples:
		scholscan serve --port 8080 --rss-world rss_world.txt --model model.json
		scholscan serve --refresh-interval 24h --model ./model.json --rss-world feeds.txt
		`)
	}

	fs.IntVar(&c.Port, "port", 8080, "Port to listen on")
	fs.StringVar(&c.RSSWorldPath, "rss-world", "rss_world.txt", "Path to RSS world file (one feed URL per line)")
	fs.StringVar(&c.RefreshInterval, "refresh-interval", "24h", "Interval for background rescans (e.g., 24h, 1h)")
	fs.StringVar(&c.ModelPath, "model", "model.json", "Path to trained model JSON file")
	fs.StringVar(&c.Title, "title", "", "Custom title for the web interface")

	if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if fs.NArg() != 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected arguments provided: %v", fs.Args())
	}

	// Parse refresh interval
	interval, err := time.ParseDuration(c.RefreshInterval)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("invalid refresh-interval %q: %w", c.RefreshInterval, err)
	}
	c.refreshInterval = interval

	if strings.Contains(filepath.Clean(c.RSSWorldPath), "..") {
		return fmt.Errorf("invalid rss-world path: directory traversal not allowed")
	}
	if strings.Contains(filepath.Clean(c.ModelPath), "..") {
		return fmt.Errorf("invalid model path: directory traversal not allowed")
	}

	return nil
}

func (c *ServeCommand) Run(stdin io.Reader, stdout io.Writer) error {
	log.Printf("Starting scholscan server on port %d", c.Port)

	// Initialize filteredResultsTime to server start time
	c.resultsMu.Lock()
	c.filteredResultsTime = time.Now()
	c.resultsMu.Unlock()

	// Load templates at startup
	tmpl, err := template.ParseFS(templateFS, "templates/*.html")
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse templates: %w", err)
	}
	c.tmpl = tmpl
	log.Printf("Templates loaded successfully")

	// Load model at startup
	model, err := c.loadModel()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load model at startup: %w", err)
	}
	c.modelMu.Lock()
	c.model = model
	c.modelMu.Unlock()

	log.Printf("Model loaded successfully")

	// Start background ticker for periodic refresh
	ticker := time.NewTicker(c.refreshInterval)
	go c.backgroundRefresh(ticker)

	// Perform initial scan asynchronously
	go func() {
		log.Println("Starting initial feed scan...")
		if err := c.refreshFilteredResults(); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Warning: initial scan failed: %v", err)
		} else {
			c.resultsMu.RLock()
			count := len(c.filteredResults)
			c.resultsMu.RUnlock()
			log.Printf("Initial scan complete, %d articles filtered", count)
		}
	}()

	// Setup HTTP handlers
	http.HandleFunc("/", c.handleRoot)
	http.HandleFunc("/live-feed", c.handleLiveFeed)
	http.HandleFunc("/tools", c.handleTools)
	http.HandleFunc("/score", c.handleScore)
	http.HandleFunc("/scan", c.handleScan)
	http.HandleFunc("/api/filtered/feed", c.handleFilteredFeed)
	http.HandleFunc("/api/filtered/rss", c.handleFilteredRSS)
	http.HandleFunc("/api/health", c.handleHealth)

	// Setup server with graceful shutdown
	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         fmt.Sprintf(":%d", c.Port),
		Handler:      http.DefaultServeMux,
		ReadTimeout:  core.DefaultReadTimeout,
		WriteTimeout: core.DefaultWriteTimeout,
		IdleTimeout:  core.DefaultIdleTimeout,
	}

	// Handle shutdown signals
	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
	signal.Notify(sigChan, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)

	go func() {
		<-sigChan
		log.Println("Shutdown signal received")
		ticker.Stop()
		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), core.DefaultShutdownTimeout)
		defer cancel()
		if err := server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Server shutdown error: %v", err)
		}
	}()

	log.Printf("Server listening on http://localhost:%d", c.Port)
	if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
		return fmt.Errorf("server error: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// ============================================================================
// ┏━╸┏━┓┏━┓┏━╸   ╻  ┏━┓┏━╸╻┏━╸
// ┃  ┃ ┃┣┳┛┣╸    ┃  ┃ ┃┃╺┓┃┃
// ┗━╸┗━┛╹┗╸┗━╸   ┗━╸┗━┛┗━┛╹┗━╸
// ============================================================================

func (c *ServeCommand) loadModel() (*core.ModelEnvelope, error) {
	f, err := os.Open(c.ModelPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open model file %s: %w", c.ModelPath, err)
	}
	defer f.Close()

	var model core.ModelEnvelope
	if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&model); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode model: %w", err)
	}

	return &model, nil
}

func (c *ServeCommand) scoreArticle(article *core.Article, vectorizer *core.TFIDFVectorizer, model *core.ModelEnvelope) float64 {
	docs := []string{strings.TrimSpace(article.Title)}
	vectors := vectorizer.Transform(docs)

	if len(vectors) == 0 || len(vectors[0]) == 0 {
		return 0.0
	}

	score, err := core.PredictScore(vectors[0], model.Weights)
	if err != nil {
		// Return 0.0 on error (below threshold). Malformed articles don't break the display,
		// they just get filtered out. Log the error for diagnostics.
		log.Printf("Error scoring article: %v", err)
		return 0.0
	}

	return score
}

func (c *ServeCommand) getThreshold(model *core.ModelEnvelope) (float64, error) {
	if model.Meta != nil {
		if threshold, ok := model.Meta["recommended_threshold"].(float64); ok {
			return threshold, nil
		}
	}
	return core.DefaultScoreThreshold, nil
}

// scoreAndFormatArticles scores a list of articles and returns them formatted for templates.
// Articles are scored using the model and vectorizer, then returned with human-readable ratings.
func (c *ServeCommand) scoreAndFormatArticles(articles []*core.Article, vectorizer *core.TFIDFVectorizer, model *core.ModelEnvelope, threshold float64) []map[string]interface{} {
	type ArticleResponse struct {
		Title  string  `json:"title"`
		URL    string  `json:"url"`
		Source string  `json:"source,omitempty"`
		Rating int     `json:"rating"`
		Score  float64 `json:"score"`
	}

	scored := make([]ArticleResponse, 0, len(articles))
	for _, article := range articles {
		score := c.scoreArticle(article, vectorizer, model)
		rating := core.ScoreToScale(score, threshold)

		scored = append(scored, ArticleResponse{
			Title:  article.Title,
			URL:    article.URL,
			Source: article.Source,
			Rating: rating,
			Score:  score,
		})
	}

	result := make([]map[string]interface{}, len(scored))
	for i, a := range scored {
		result[i] = map[string]interface{}{
			"Title":  a.Title,
			"URL":    a.URL,
			"Source": a.Source,
			"Rating": a.Rating,
			"Score":  a.Score,
		}
	}
	return result
}

// ============================================================================
// ┏━┓┏━┓┏━┓   ┏━┓╺┳╸╻ ╻┏━╸┏━╸
// ┣┳┛┗━┓┗━┓   ┗━┓ ┃ ┃ ┃┣╸ ┣╸
// ╹┗╸┗━┛┗━┛   ┗━┛ ╹ ┗━┛╹  ╹
// ============================================================================

func (c *ServeCommand) readRSSWorldFeeds() ([]string, error) {
	f, err := os.Open(c.RSSWorldPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open rss_world file %s: %w", c.RSSWorldPath, err)
	}
	defer f.Close()

	var feeds []string
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
	for scanner.Scan() {
		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
		if line != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
			feeds = append(feeds, line)
		}
	}

	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading rss_world file: %w", err)
	}

	return feeds, nil
}

func (c *ServeCommand) refreshFilteredResults() error {
	feeds, err := c.readRSSWorldFeeds()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.modelMu.RLock()
	model := c.model
	c.modelMu.RUnlock()

	if model == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("model not loaded")
	}

	// Scan all feeds. Continue on individual feed failures to maximize results.
	// RSS feeds are often flaky; one down shouldn't prevent others from being processed.
	var allArticles []*core.Article
	for _, feed := range feeds {
		articles, err := c.fetchRSSFeed(feed)
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Warning: failed to fetch feed %s: %v", feed, err)
			continue
		}
		allArticles = append(allArticles, articles...)
	}

	// Score and filter articles
	threshold, err := c.getThreshold(model)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	vectorizer := core.CreateVectorizerFromModel(model)

	filtered := make([]*core.Article, 0, len(allArticles))
	for _, article := range allArticles {
		score := c.scoreArticle(article, vectorizer, model)
		if score >= threshold {
			// Create a copy with score to avoid reference issues
			articleCopy := *article
			articleCopy.Score = &score
			filtered = append(filtered, &articleCopy)
		}
	}

	c.resultsMu.Lock()
	c.filteredResults = filtered
	c.filteredResultsTime = time.Now()
	c.resultsMu.Unlock()

	return nil
}

// backgroundRefresh runs in a goroutine, rescanning all RSS feeds on interval.
// Failures in individual feeds don't affect others - we log and continue.
func (c *ServeCommand) backgroundRefresh(ticker *time.Ticker) {
	for range ticker.C {
		log.Println("Background refresh started")
		if err := c.refreshFilteredResults(); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Background refresh error (continuing): %v", err)
		} else {
			c.resultsMu.RLock()
			count := len(c.filteredResults)
			c.resultsMu.RUnlock()
			log.Printf("Background refresh complete, %d articles filtered", count)
		}
	}
}

func (c *ServeCommand) fetchRSSFeed(url string) ([]*core.Article, error) {
	client := &http.Client{Timeout: core.DefaultHTTPTimeout}

	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error building request: %w", err)
	}
	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", core.PoliteUserAgent)

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), core.DefaultHTTPTimeout)
	defer cancel()

	resp, err := client.Do(req.WithContext(ctx))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error fetching %s: %w", url, err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d from %s", resp.StatusCode, url)
	}

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading response from %s: %w", url, err)
	}

	fp := gofeed.NewParser()
	feed, err := fp.Parse(strings.NewReader(string(body)))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error parsing feed from %s: %w", url, err)
	}

	var articles []*core.Article
	for _, item := range feed.Items {
		article := &core.Article{
			URL:    item.Link,
			Title:  strings.TrimSpace(item.Title),
			Source: feed.Title,
		}

		if item.PublishedParsed != nil {
			article.PublishedAt = item.PublishedParsed
		}

		if len(article.Title) >= core.MinTitleLength {
			articles = append(articles, article)
		}
	}

	return articles, nil
}

// ============================================================================
// ╻ ╻┏━╸┏┓    ╻ ╻╻
// ┃╻┃┣╸ ┣┻┓   ┃ ┃┃
// ┗┻┛┗━╸┗━┛   ┗━┛╹
// ============================================================================

func (c *ServeCommand) handleRoot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.URL.Path != "/" {
		http.NotFound(w, r)
		return
	}

	// Redirect to live feed
	http.Redirect(w, r, "/live-feed", http.StatusMovedPermanently)
}

func (c *ServeCommand) handleLiveFeed(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
		http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
		return
	}

	c.resultsMu.RLock()
	articles := c.filteredResults
	resultsTime := c.filteredResultsTime
	c.resultsMu.RUnlock()

	c.modelMu.RLock()
	model := c.model
	c.modelMu.RUnlock()

	if model == nil {
		http.Error(w, "Model not loaded", http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}

	threshold, _ := c.getThreshold(model)

	// Parse filter parameter (day, week, or all)
	filter := r.URL.Query().Get("filter")
	if filter == "" {
		filter = "all"
	}

	// Filter articles by date if needed
	now := time.Now()
	filtered := articles
	if filter == "day" || filter == "week" {
		var cutoff time.Time
		if filter == "day" {
			cutoff = now.Add(-24 * time.Hour)
		} else if filter == "week" {
			cutoff = now.Add(-7 * 24 * time.Hour)
		}

		filtered = make([]*core.Article, 0, len(articles))
		for _, article := range articles {
			// Always include articles without PublishedAt
			if article.PublishedAt == nil || article.PublishedAt.After(cutoff) {
				filtered = append(filtered, article)
			}
		}
	}

	// Convert articles to template format
	type TemplateArticle struct {
		Title       string
		URL         string
		Source      string
		Rating      int
		Score       float64
		PublishedAt string
	}

	templateArticles := make([]TemplateArticle, 0, len(filtered))
	for _, article := range filtered {
		score := 0.0
		if article.Score != nil {
			score = *article.Score
		}
		rating := core.ScoreToScale(score, threshold)

		publishedAt := ""
		if article.PublishedAt != nil {
			publishedAt = article.PublishedAt.Format("2006-01-02")
		}

		templateArticles = append(templateArticles, TemplateArticle{
			Title:       article.Title,
			URL:         article.URL,
			Source:      article.Source,
			Rating:      rating,
			Score:       score,
			PublishedAt: publishedAt,
		})
	}

	// Sort articles by score (highest first)
	sort.Slice(templateArticles, func(i, j int) bool {
		return templateArticles[i].Score > templateArticles[j].Score
	})

	data := map[string]interface{}{
		"Page":      "live-feed",
		"Articles":  templateArticles,
		"Threshold": threshold,
		"UpdatedAt": resultsTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
		"Filter":    filter,
		"Title":     displayTitle(c.Title),
	}

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	if err := c.tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "live-feed", data); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Template error: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

func (c *ServeCommand) handleTools(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
		http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
		return
	}

	data := map[string]interface{}{
		"Page":  "tools",
		"Title": displayTitle(c.Title),
	}

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	if err := c.tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "tools", data); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Template error: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

func (c *ServeCommand) handleScore(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.Method == http.MethodGet {
		c.handleTools(w, r)
		return
	}

	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
		http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
		return
	}

	c.modelMu.RLock()
	model := c.model
	c.modelMu.RUnlock()

	if model == nil {
		http.Error(w, "Model not loaded", http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}

	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse form: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}

	title := strings.TrimSpace(r.FormValue("title"))
	url := strings.TrimSpace(r.FormValue("url"))

	// If URL provided, fetch and extract title from it; otherwise use provided title.
	if url != "" {
		extractedTitle, err := extractTitleFromURL(url)
		if err != nil {
			c.renderResultsError(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to extract title from URL: %v", err), title)
			return
		}
		title = extractedTitle
	}

	// Validate input before scoring
	if valErr := c.validateTitle(title); valErr != "" {
		c.renderResultsError(w, valErr, title)
		return
	}

	vectorizer := core.CreateVectorizerFromModel(model)
	article := &core.Article{Title: title}
	score := c.scoreArticle(article, vectorizer, model)

	threshold, _ := c.getThreshold(model)
	rating := core.ScoreToScale(score, threshold)

	data := map[string]interface{}{
		"Page":          "tools",
		"IsScoreResult": true,
		"Title":         title,
		"Rating":        rating,
		"Score":         score,
		"Threshold":     threshold,
		"PageTitle":     displayTitle(c.Title),
	}

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	if err := c.tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "results", data); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Template error: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

func (c *ServeCommand) handleScan(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.Method == http.MethodGet {
		c.handleTools(w, r)
		return
	}

	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
		http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
		return
	}

	c.modelMu.RLock()
	model := c.model
	c.modelMu.RUnlock()

	if model == nil {
		http.Error(w, "Model not loaded", http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}

	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse form: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}

	feedURL := strings.TrimSpace(r.FormValue("feed_url"))

	// Validate and fetch the feed
	if valErr := c.validateFeedURL(feedURL); valErr != "" {
		c.renderScanResultsError(w, valErr, feedURL)
		return
	}

	articles, err := c.fetchRSSFeed(feedURL)
	if err != nil {
		c.renderScanResultsError(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to fetch feed: %v", err), feedURL)
		return
	}

	// Score articles
	threshold, _ := c.getThreshold(model)
	vectorizer := core.CreateVectorizerFromModel(model)
	scored := c.scoreAndFormatArticles(articles, vectorizer, model, threshold)

	sort.Slice(scored, func(i, j int) bool {
		iScore := scored[i]["Score"].(float64)
		jScore := scored[j]["Score"].(float64)
		return iScore > jScore
	})

	data := map[string]interface{}{
		"Page":         "tools",
		"IsScanResult": true,
		"FeedURL":      feedURL,
		"Articles":     scored,
		"Threshold":    threshold,
		"PageTitle":    displayTitle(c.Title),
	}

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	if err := c.tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "results", data); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Template error: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

// ============================================================================
// ┏━┓┏━┓╻   ┏━╸┏┓╻╺┳┓┏━┓┏━┓╻┏┓╻╺┳╸┏━┓
// ┣━┫┣━┛┃   ┣╸ ┃┗┫ ┃┃┣━┛┃ ┃┃┃┗┫ ┃ ┗━┓
// ╹ ╹╹  ╹   ┗━╸╹ ╹╺┻┛╹  ┗━┛╹╹ ╹ ╹ ┗━┛
// ============================================================================

func (c *ServeCommand) handleFilteredFeed(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
		http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
		return
	}

	c.resultsMu.RLock()
	articles := c.filteredResults
	resultsTime := c.filteredResultsTime
	c.resultsMu.RUnlock()

	c.modelMu.RLock()
	model := c.model
	c.modelMu.RUnlock()

	threshold, _ := c.getThreshold(model)

	type ArticleResponse struct {
		Title  string  `json:"title"`
		URL    string  `json:"url"`
		Source string  `json:"source,omitempty"`
		Rating int     `json:"rating"`
		Score  float64 `json:"score"`
	}

	scored := make([]ArticleResponse, 0, len(articles))
	for _, article := range articles {
		score := 0.0
		if article.Score != nil {
			score = *article.Score
		}
		rating := core.ScoreToScale(score, threshold)

		scored = append(scored, ArticleResponse{
			Title:  article.Title,
			URL:    article.URL,
			Source: article.Source,
			Rating: rating,
			Score:  score,
		})
	}

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate")

	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]interface{}{
		"total":      len(articles),
		"threshold":  threshold,
		"updated_at": resultsTime,
		"articles":   scored,
	}); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, "Failed to encode response", http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

func (c *ServeCommand) handleFilteredRSS(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
		http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
		return
	}

	c.resultsMu.RLock()
	articles := c.filteredResults
	c.resultsMu.RUnlock()

	c.modelMu.RLock()
	model := c.model
	c.modelMu.RUnlock()

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/rss+xml")
	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=3600")

	// Generate RSS feed
	fmt.Fprintf(w, `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
	<rss version="2.0">
	<channel>
	<title>%s - Filtered Articles</title>
	<link>http://scholscan.local</link>
	<description>Articles filtered by your learned preferences (scored 1-10)</description>
	`, displayTitle(c.Title))

	for _, article := range articles {
		rawScore := 0.0
		if article.Score != nil {
			rawScore = *article.Score
		}

		threshold, _ := c.getThreshold(model)
		scaledScore := core.ScoreToScale(rawScore, threshold)

		title := escapeXML(article.Title)
		url := escapeXML(article.URL)
		description := fmt.Sprintf("SCHOLSCAN SCORE = %d/10 (raw: %.3f)", scaledScore, rawScore)

		fmt.Fprintf(w, `    <item>
		<title>%s</title>
		<link>%s</link>
		<description>%s</description>
		</item>
		`, title, url, description)
	}

	fmt.Fprint(w, `  </channel>
	</rss>`)
}

func (c *ServeCommand) handleHealth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
		http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
		return
	}

	c.modelMu.RLock()
	modelLoaded := c.model != nil
	c.modelMu.RUnlock()

	status := "ok"
	if !modelLoaded {
		status = "model_not_loaded"
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]interface{}{
		"status":       status,
		"model_loaded": modelLoaded,
		"timestamp":    time.Now().Unix(),
	}); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, "Failed to encode response", http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

// ============================================================================
// ╻ ╻┏━╸╻  ┏━┓┏━╸┏━┓┏━┓
// ┣━┫┣╸ ┃  ┣━┛┣╸ ┣┳┛┗━┓
// ╹ ╹┗━╸┗━╸╹  ┗━╸╹┗╸┗━┛
// ============================================================================

func displayTitle(custom string) string {
	if custom != "" {
		return custom
	}
	return "ScholScan"
}

// extractTitleFromURL fetches the content from a URL and extracts the title from the HTML.
// Designed to be resilient: tries multiple title sources, handles various URL formats,
// and provides meaningful error feedback if extraction fails.
func extractTitleFromURL(rawURL string) (string, error) {
	if rawURL == "" {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("empty URL")
	}

	// Check if it's a DOI
	if strings.HasPrefix(rawURL, "10.") {
		// Convert DOI to URL
		rawURL = fmt.Sprintf("https://doi.org/%s", rawURL)
	} else if !strings.HasPrefix(rawURL, "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(rawURL, "https://") {
		rawURL = "https://" + rawURL
	}

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), core.DefaultContextTimeout)
	defer cancel()

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", rawURL, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid URL: %w", err)
	}
	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", core.PoliteUserAgent)
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8")

	resp, err := core.DoRequestWithRetry(ctx, core.DefaultHTTPClient, req)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch URL: %w", err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status)
	}

	doc, err := goquery.NewDocumentFromReader(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse HTML: %w", err)
	}

	// Fallback chain: <title> → og:title → twitter:title → <h1>
	// Different sites populate these differently; trying multiple increases success rate.
	title := ""

	if t := doc.Find("title").Text(); t != "" {
		title = strings.TrimSpace(t)
	}

	if title == "" {
		if t, exists := doc.Find(`meta[property="og:title"]`).Attr("content"); exists && t != "" {
			title = strings.TrimSpace(t)
		}
	}

	if title == "" {
		if t, exists := doc.Find(`meta[name="twitter:title"]`).Attr("content"); exists && t != "" {
			title = strings.TrimSpace(t)
		}
	}

	if title == "" {
		if t := doc.Find("h1").First().Text(); t != "" {
			title = strings.TrimSpace(t)
		}
	}

	if title == "" {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("could not extract title from page")
	}

	// Clean up common title patterns
	reClean := regexp.MustCompile(`\s*\|\s*`)
	title = reClean.ReplaceAllString(title, "")

	rePub := regexp.MustCompile(`^[^|]*\|\s*`)
	title = rePub.ReplaceAllString(title, "")
	title = strings.TrimSpace(title)

	if len(title) < 10 {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("extracted title too short: %q", title)
	}

	return title, nil
}

// validateTitle checks that a title is suitable for scoring.
// Returns an error message string if invalid, empty string if valid.
func (c *ServeCommand) validateTitle(title string) string {
	if strings.TrimSpace(title) == "" {
		return "Title cannot be empty"
	}
	if len(title) > 1000 {
		return "Title too long (max 1000 characters)"
	}
	return ""
}

// renderResultsError renders the results template with an error message.
func (c *ServeCommand) renderResultsError(w http.ResponseWriter, errMsg, title string) {
	data := map[string]interface{}{
		"Page":          "tools",
		"IsScoreResult": true,
		"Error":         errMsg,
		"Title":         title,
		"PageTitle":     displayTitle(c.Title),
	}
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	if err := c.tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "results", data); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Template error: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

// validateFeedURL checks that a feed URL is non-empty and has valid format.
// Returns an error message string if invalid, empty string if valid.
func (c *ServeCommand) validateFeedURL(feedURL string) string {
	if feedURL == "" {
		return "Feed URL cannot be empty"
	}
	if _, err := url.Parse(feedURL); err != nil {
		return "Invalid URL format"
	}
	return ""
}

// renderScanResultsError renders the results template with an error for scan operation.
func (c *ServeCommand) renderScanResultsError(w http.ResponseWriter, errMsg, feedURL string) {
	data := map[string]interface{}{
		"Page":         "tools",
		"IsScanResult": true,
		"Error":        errMsg,
		"FeedURL":      feedURL,
		"PageTitle":    displayTitle(c.Title),
	}
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	if err := c.tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "results", data); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Template error: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

func escapeXML(s string) string {
	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "&", "&amp;")
	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "<", "&lt;")
	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, ">", "&gt;")
	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\"", "&quot;")
	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "&apos;")
	return s
}