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diff --git a/cmds/negcap.go b/cmds/negcap.go
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+++ b/cmds/negcap.go
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+// Per-feed negative ceiling, shared by `export` (enforced while sampling)
+// and `compact-labels` (enforced against existing history).
+//
+// Why: negatives are sampled from the read+unstarred pool, whose size is
+// dominated by high-volume feeds. Without a ceiling, a handful of firehoses
+// own most of the negative class, and the model learns "wire headline" as
+// its main axis instead of "headline samsc liked". The ceiling is on each
+// feed's *total* negatives (existing history + this run's additions), not
+// just the run's sample: a per-run cap would only slow domination, not
+// bound it.
+package cmds
+
+// negFeedCapFloor is the absolute minimum ceiling. It keeps a young,
+// still-small negative pool from capping feeds at a handful of rows:
+// early training needs volume more than it needs balance.
+const negFeedCapFloor = 50
+
+// feedNegCap returns the maximum negatives any single feed may hold in the
+// pool: pct% of the target (negRatio × posTotal), floored at negFeedCapFloor
+// and never above the target itself. pct <= 0 means uncapped (0).
+func feedNegCap(pct, negRatio, posTotal int) int {
+	if pct <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	target := negRatio * posTotal
+	cap := pct * target / 100
+	if cap < negFeedCapFloor {
+		cap = negFeedCapFloor
+	}
+	if cap > target {
+		cap = target
+	}
+	return cap
+}